Ghiselli, E. E. (1963). Managerial talent. American Psychologist, 18(10), 631-642.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0048149
"I have come to the conclusion that important to managerial success are the traits of intelligence, supervisory ability, initiative, self-assurance and perceived occupational level." Self-assurance and initiative seem "to be of lesser importance than intelligence, supervisory ability, and perceived occupational level… . Self-realization and autonomy universally are more important to managers than prestige, social satisfactions, and even security." The "substratum of managerial talent is individuality and the desire for self-realization through creative activity." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)