Catlin, J., & Jones, N. K. (1976). Verifying affirmative and negative sentences. Psychological Review, 83(6), 497-501.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.83.6.497
In verifying simple affirmative and negative sentences, falsification time is substantially shorter in the condition where the sentence precedes the picture than where the picture precedes the sentence. On the other hand, negation time is not systematically different across the 2 conditions. These facts hold true for data that P. A. Carpenter and M. A. Just (see record 1975-09558-001) purport to explain with their constituent-comparison model, and pose a serious problem for that model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)