Kimmel, H. D., & Ray, R. L. (1978). Transswitching: Conditioning with tonic and phasic stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 107(2), 187-205.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.107.2.187
Conducted 4 experiments with 54 undergraduates, using the transswitching conditioning paradigm in electrodermal behavior. Results show that phasic conditioned responding to the phasic stimulus came under the control of the tonic stimulus. The only definitive demonstration of tonic control of tonic responding occurred in Exp IV, Session 1, in which the heart rate change elicited by the onset of tonic stimuli and respiration rate during their presence but prior to any phasic trials both differentiated between positive and negative tonic stimuli. In the 2nd session, 2 days later, tonic differentiation was observed in the phasic skin conductance response to the onset of tonic stimuli and in the frequency of unelicited skin conductance responses during initial, trial-free periods. More unelicited skin conductance responses and larger elicited skin conductance responses were seen during positive segments, which signaled occasions when light/shock pairings were presented, than during negative segments, which signaled occasions when lights without shocks were presented. It is concluded that tonic stimuli control both phasic and tonic behavior following the transswitching procedure, but it is likely that some minimum amount of prior phasic conditioning must be accomplished before tonic control can be established. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)