Overton, R. C., & Adolphson, C. J. (1979). Multiple trace retrieval: A trace-to-trace retrieval process? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 5(5), 485-495.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.5.5.485
Multiple trace interpretations of repetition effects have had considerable support. Statements of a multiple trace hypothesis have ordinarily focused on memory structure rather than memory process. The present article emphasizes multiple trace processes, specifically retrieval processes. Two multiple trace retrieval processes were considered, one involving trace-to-trace retrieval. In each of 2 experiments with a total of 86 undergraduates, items were initially presented within pairs, followed by 0, 1, or 2 presentations of 1 pair member. At test, 1 pair member was given as a cue for the recall of its pair mate. Varying presentation frequency of the to-be-recalled member had no effect on cued recall performance, whereas varying presentation frequency of the cue member had a negative effect. Results are inconsistent with an assumption of trace-to-trace retrieval. The need for a multiple trace hypothesis to be more directed to memory processes is noted. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)