Roback, A. A. (1952). German Influences. In A. A. Roback, History of American psychology (pp. 55-75). New York, NY, : Library Publishers.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10800-007
By 1840, Scottish realism and English empiricism were beginning to feel the competition of German transcendentalism. This chapter discusses the works of German pioneers in the field of psychology. Augustus Rauch's book was the first in America to have had for its title "Psychology," instead of the hackneyed "mental philosophy" or "intellectual philosophy" which is of Scotch provenance. Samuel S. Schmucker introduced the term "inspection" as the first operation of the mind or as he calls it "the soul," and defines it as "that active operation in which the attention of the soul is directed to some entity, simple or composite, prospective, present, or retrospective; with a view to acquire some knowledge concerning it." Laurens P. Hickok introduced the concept of rational psychology. Asa Mahan may also be called a rational psychologist, but he thought of psychology as a stepping-stone to philosophy and a knowledge of "the Divine authority of Christianity". Textbooks appearing in the decade prior to the Civil War include those of Francis Wayland published at the time he was President of Brown University, in 1854, and of Joseph Haven of Amherst College, later teaching systematic theology at the Chicago Theological Seminary. It is in Wayland and Haven that we find, perhaps for the first time, bibliographical references either at the close of the chapter or at the end of the book. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)