Mowrer, O. H. (1960). The Law of Effect, Conditioning, and the Problem of Punishment. In O. H. Mowrer, Learning theory and behavior (pp. 21-62). Hoboken, NJ, US: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10802-002
The preceding chapter (see record 2005-06665-001) has indicated something of the influence which E. L. Thorndike and I. P. Pavlov were to exercise on the development of learning theory during the first half of this century. The present chapter is concerned, more specifically, with the problem of punishment and with the contribution which the views of each of these investigators and the research they have stimulated have made to the better understanding of the problem and, in this way, to the development of a more comprehensive, more self-consistent, and more unified theory of learning in general. Salient chapter topics include fear and fear conditioning, active and passive avoidance, and classical versus instrumental conditioning. It may seem an awkward and perverse way of approaching the psychology of learning, to begin with its more "negative" aspect; but this is how the matter has moved historically. Moreover, such a course leads quite naturally and with certain logical advantages to a consideration, in later chapters, of the psychology of learning in its totality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)