Chapman, J. C. (1921). The adaptation of trade test methods to the training of employees. In J. C. Chapman, Trade tests: The scientific measurement of trade proficiency (pp. 386-412). NY, US: Henry Holt and Company.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10892-013
This chapter discusses the use of the trade test method in the training of employees in industry, noting the importance of clearly recognizing the contrast between the training which is incidental to the shop and the school training which exists solely for the purpose of imparting instruction. The author considers three fundamental problems arising within the educational department: (1) what shall be taught? (2) how shall it be taught? And (3) how shall the efficiency of instruction be measured? These questions are then considered when training employees in industry, stating that in the solving of these problems, an adaptation of the methods of the trade test can be employed to great advantage. There is a very marked difference between the state of affairs when carefully chosen jobs within the industry are used as methods of instruction and the old type of haphazard instruction commonly found in the shops. The differences in the two methods are found in (1) the nature of the problem selected for learning purposes, (2) the manner in which the student is allowed to solve the problem for himself, (3) the absence of meaningless routine and drudgery. In a shop working under production conditions, where these three points can receive adequate attention, instruction may well be given, but where the conditions of production do not admit of such attention, the special school shop should be the place of learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)