Hadley, J. M. (1958). Group counseling and therapy. In J. M. Hadley, Clinical and counseling psychology (pp. 227-248). New York, NY, US: Alfred A. Knopf.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11141-010
Group counseling has had broad applications. The term has been used to describe camp-meeting-like sessions with as many as 500 persons taking part, as well as group psychoanalysis sessions in which only two or three participate. The procedures have included lectures, community sings, discussions, free associations, reading of biographies, debates, manual arts activities, and mixing of these and other procedures. Though group therapy was originally "resorted to" as a matter of expedience, it has become recognized as a valuable preparation for, adjunct to, or follow-up on individual psychotherapy, and as a technique that can in itself produce some results that are uniquely attributable to the dynamics of the group situation. Group counseling may take many forms. There are about as many specific approaches to group work as there are persons who use them. The lecture discussion technique of Klapman, the activity group methods of Slavson, client-centered counseling as outlined by Hobbs, the analytically oriented group therapy conducted by Wolfe, and the psychodramatic group activities of Moreno have been described as representative of the range of procedures that have been used or adapted in group counseling. Clinical experience has demonstrated the worth-whileness of group work, but much research is needed before we can speak authoritatively about the how and why of group counseling. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)