Bridges, J. W. (1919). Manic-depressive insanity. In J. W. Bridges, An outline of abnormal psychology (pp. 82-86). Columbus, OH, US: R G Adams & Co.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/13838-018
The term manic-depressive insanity is applied by Kraepelin to a disease characterized by recurrency of groups of mental symptoms and recovery from each attack without mental deterioration. It includes the manias, melancholias, circular and periodic insanities of the older psychiatrists (e.g. Griesinger and Kraft-Ebing); because (a) these have certain fundamental symptoms in common, and (b) manic and depressive attacks generally occur in the same individual. The duration of each attack is from a few days to several months or even years, and the interval between attacks may likewise be days or years. This chapter, in outline form, presents a fairly complete list of abnormal phenomena as they pertain to manic-depressive insanity, and it briefly summarizes known etiological facts and explanatory theories of these disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)