Formal and material reasoning.

Citation

Bradley, F. H. (1922). Formal and material reasoning. In F. H. Bradley, The principles of logic, with commentary and terminal essays (pp. 519-534). New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/13022-008

Abstract

Discusses the relation of matter to form in logic. We see that no reasoning is absolutely formal, but that in logic, as indeed in all other sciences, there is a relative distinction of form and matter. We enter a repeated and final protest against the idea that action was subsumption under a form of activity. And we express, not a hope, but a pious wish that together with this false notion the syllogism might be banished. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)