Arlitt, A. H. (1946). Innate responses and tendencies to response: A. Reflex and random activities. In A. H. Arlitt, McGraw-Hill home economics series. Psychology of infancy and early childhood (pp. 106-126). New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/13263-004
There are a number of activities which function from birth, whenever stimuli adequate to cause them to occur are present, either within the organism itself or in the external environment. These responses occur in a more or less definite pattern and are common to all human infants. By far the largest portion of responses are concerned with physiological processes--breathing, heartbeat, movements of the digestive tract, secretion of the glands, and the like. The reflex responses other than those involved in the physiological processes appear to be relatively few in number. A catalogue of those which have been demonstrated to be present at birth or shortly after would include sneezing, crying, yawning, sucking, smiling, grasping, holding up the head slightly, turning the head if lying face downward, and certain defensive movements to be discussed later. The crawling reflex and the reflexes involved in walking are apparently inherited in regard to their general functioning, but are delayed in appearance and require practice in order to bring them to the point of perfection. The reflexes involved in crawling appear to be particularly variable. One baby may hitch along by the use of one leg; a second may crawl on all fours; while a third may crawl on its hands and feet and approximate in its gait a four-footed animal. There appear to be countless variations of all three of these forms of crawling. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)