Evolution and final cause.

Citation

Diman, J. L. (1881). Evolution and final cause. In J. L. Diman, The theistic argument,as affected by recent theories: A course of lectures delivered at the Lowell Institute in Boston (pp. 168-200). Boston, MA, US: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/12422-005

Abstract

In my argument thus far, I have sought to show that the universe, as it exists, implies a cause; that from the order and harmony which it everywhere displays we have a right to infer the presence of intelligence, and that from the manifold adjustments which are not less manifest, we have a further right to clothe this intelligence with the characteristics of purpose and finality. All this by no means amounts to a complete theistic proof, nor would the argument, in this incomplete form, satisfy the legitimate demands of the religious nature. We need to go much further and embrace much more within the scope of our conclusions before the great problem of natural theology is solved. That there is any universal law of evolution or dissolution, and that one is united with the other by a mystic rhythmic harmony, such as the followers of Mr. Spencer imagine, is a doctrine which, it need hardly be said, is destitute as yet of any scientific proof; but evolution in the limited sense that nature presents to us an infinite variety of movements up and down, may be accepted as an established principle. No one will deny it who has ever sown seed with the expectation that it would spring up, or has hatched chickens out of eggs. Evolution in this sense is merely a process of nature, a process which implies constituent elements and conditions, and which proceeds in accordance with regular method. It is true that the process may be traced back to a point where the characteristic constituent elements cannot be discriminated, where to all appearance the germ of the man, the monkey, and the parrot, are just alike; but no one doubts that even here, though the most minute scrutiny of science cannot detect it, a difference exists, and that all the later modifications of the being produced are simply the result of this original distinction. Evolution, with whatever accumulation of elaborate phraseology we may dress it up, remains still an evolution out of something. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)