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http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/12383-002
There are two lines of procedure which may be adopted in the study of mental processes. On the one hand, we can begin with the description of some personal experience and from this central fact move outward until we arrive at a full explanation of all the causes and conditions of this experience. Thus, when I try to remember the name of a person whom I met some time ago, I find that I can recall the vague general fact that it was a short name, beginning with the letter "E" but it requires time and effort to fill in the rest. The questions which immediately arise are such as these: Where is the storehouse" in which these memories were locked up? Why did one part of the name drop away and another part persist? What kind of effort is necessary to bring out the missing part? Evidently it will be necessary, before these questions can be answered, to go outside of immediate consciousness. Indirect method of approach to psychological facts. The second line of procedure is the reverse of that just described. We can approach personal experience from without, reviewing briefly the conditions which make such experience possible and gradually coming to the particular facts which at this moment fill the observer's mind. This chapter discusses processes and issues relating to consciousness, behavior, mental and physiological experiences, cellular functions, sensory perception, specialized nervous processes, central nervous system, vertebrates, animal physiology, and evolution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)