Lambert, M. J. (2010). What is psychotherapy outcome and how is it measured in contrasting research paradigms? In M. J. Lambert, Prevention of treatment failure: The use of measuring, monitoring, and feedback in clinical practice (pp. 29-58). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/12141-002
In this chapter, I lay a historical foundation by discussing how psychotherapy outcome has been measured in times past. Issues related to outcome measurement are described along with some important findings that have come from past research. Ideal assessment of outcome is presented on the basis of practices that characterize clinical trials and effectiveness studies and contrasted with practices that characterize patient-focused research. The topic of clinically significant change is given special attention as a central feature of patient-focused research. These topics lay the groundwork for understanding the operational definition of the change measures presented in Chapter 3. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)