Levels of processing: The evolution of a framework.

Citation

Ekuni, R., Vaz, L. J., & Bueno, O. F. A. (2011). Levels of processing: The evolution of a framework. Psychology & Neuroscience, 4(3), 333-339.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3922/j.psns.2011.3.006

Abstract

Although the levels of processing framework have evolved over its nearly 40 years of existence, the essence of the idea has not changed from the original. The original article published in 1972 suggests that in the encoding stage of a stimulus, there is a series of processing hierarchies ranging from the shallowest level (perceptual processing—the subject initially perceives the physical and sensory characteristics of the stimulus) to the deepest level (semantic processing—related to pattern recognition and extraction of meaning). The depth processing is associated with high levels of retention and long-term memory traces. After extensive research and criticism, the authors added several concepts that aided in a better understanding of levels of processing framework and the items that subjects can recall such as transfer-appropriate processing and robust encoding. However, there are still some gaps in this framework that call for new scientific investigations, ranging from experimental paradigms with lists of words with healthy or pathological conditions subject to neuroimaging studies to confirm, refute or improve the framework. The aim of this article is to review the publications (articles and book chapters) dating from the original article to the present day to better understand the mnemonic process in terms of levels of processing and to highlight some of its contributions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Unique Identifier

2015-08700-006

Title

Levels of processing: The evolution of a framework.

Publication Date

Jul 2011

Publication History

First Posting: Dec 29, 2011

Accepted: Dec 20, 2011

Revised: Dec 18, 2011

First Submitted: Oct 7, 2011

Language

English

Author Identifier

Ekuni, Roberta; Vaz, Leonardo José; Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo

Email

Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo: ofabueno@psicobio.epm.br

Correspondence Address

Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo: Department of Psychobiology-Universidade Federal de São Paulo Rua Botucatu, 862, 1º andar–Cep, São Paulo, Brazil, 04023-062, ofabueno@psicobio.epm.br

Affiliation

Ekuni, Roberta: Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo Rua Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

Vaz, Leonardo José: Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo Rua Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo: Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo Rua Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

Source

Psychology & Neuroscience, Vol 4(3), Jul-Dec 2011, 333-339.

NLM Title Abbreviation

Psychol Neurosci

ISSN

1983-3288(Electronic); 1984-3054(Print)

Publisher

Brazil: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro

Other Publishers

US: Educational Publishing Foundation

Format Covered

Electronic

Publication Type

Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal

Document Type

Journal Article

Digital Object Identifier

http://dx.doi.org/10.3922/j.psns.2011.3.006

Keywords

memory; cognition; levels of processing

Index Terms

*Cognition; *Cognitive Processes; Memory

PsycINFO Classification

2340 Cognitive Processes

Population Group

Human

Tests and Measures

Processing Task

Counting Task

Retrieval Task

Guided Task

Semantic Task

Phonological Task

Memory Task

Perceptual Task

Deep Processing Task

Grant Sponsorship

Sponsor: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
Recipient: No recipient indicated

Sponsor: Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa
Recipient: No recipient indicated

Sponsor: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Recipient: No recipient indicated

Release Date

20150413 (PsycINFO); 20150413 (PsycARTICLES)

References

Number of Citations: 71, Number of Citations Displayed: 71